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The Myth of Orpheus in Milton’s “L’Allegro,”
“Il Penseroso,” and “Lycidas.”
Luiz
Fernando Ferreira Sá
Abstract
In
this study of John Milton's "L'Allegro," "Il
Penseroso," and "Lycidas," the allusions to
the Orpheus myth are analyzed through the perspective of an
interpreting sign. The idea of an interpretant proposed by
Charles Sanders Peirce and the semiotic relations theorized
by Jorgen Dines Johansen serve as the theoretical basis upon
which the Orpheus myth will be examined in view of its having
been recreated in the poems and in its recreating powers.
Since the three poems have different and opposing voices incorporated
in the text, the Orpheus myth will be associated with the
changes of voices, will be assessed as the modeling frame
that underlies the transitions from an innocent to an enlightened
viewpoint, and will be focused as the fragmented configuration
of consciousness in the process of defining two orders of
existence: the human and the divine. The pattern of enunciation
of such consciousness is structured in a hesitant dialogics
between the twin poems-"L'Allegro," and "Il
Penseroso"-, and in a dialectics of becoming between
the twin poems and "Lycidas."
Table
of Contents |
|
|
1.
Introduction |
1 |
|
1.1
The prospect of various choices |
1 |
|
1.2.
The famous Orpheus, the survival of the myth, and Orphism |
4 |
|
1.3.
The choice of Peircean semiotics over the French semiology |
13 |
|
2.
Peircean and Johansenean semiotic models |
23 |
|
2.1.
The semiotics of Peirce |
23 |
|
2.2.
Why Peirce’s semiotics is acclaimed as well as deprecated |
29 |
|
2.3.
Johansen’s semiotic pyramid |
33 |
|
3.
John Milton's contexts |
40 |
|
3.1.
Milton's life and times-a brief history |
40 |
|
3.2.
Milton’s education and poetics |
51 |
|
3.3.
Milton’s religious and philosophical opinions |
56 |
|
3.4
An overview of three centuries of Milton criticism and
of his music |
63 |
|
4.
Myth |
70 |
|
4.1
Medieval and Renaissance views on the myth of Orpheus |
76 |
|
4.2
The pastoral mythopoiesis and the Christ-Orpheus symbolic
association |
82 |
|
5.
The myth of Orpheus in Milton’s work |
90 |
|
5.1
Orpheus in Milton’s early writings |
90 |
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5.2
"L'Allegro," "Il Penseroso," and "Lycidas:"
poems of Milton's early maturity |
103 |
|
5.3.
Milton's longer poems |
114 |
|
6.
The status quaestionis of "L'Allegro," "Il
Penseroso," and "Lycidas" |
124 |
|
6.1.
The twin poems |
124 |
|
6.2.
"Lycidas" and its criticism |
131 |
|
7.
The Orpheus myth as interpretant of "Lycidas,"
"Il Penseroso," and "L'Allegro" |
142 |
|
7.1.
The interpretant in literary semiotics |
142 |
|
7.2."Lycidas"
-The Myth of Orpheus as Interpretant |
146 |
|
7.3.
Melancholy Orpheus-the interpretant of "Il Penseroso" |
168 |
|
7.4.
Slumberous Orpheus-the interpretant of "L'Allegro" |
181 |
|
8.
The recreative powers of the Orpheus myth in "L'Allegro,"
"Il Penseroso," and "Lycidas" |
196 |
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9.
Bibliography |
209 |
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